Lukomskyi, Yu.
(2023).
Architectural-archaeological research and the hypothesis of the development of pre-local Drohobych in the XII-XIII centuries.
Architectural Studies,
9(1),
7-22.
https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.07
Article
Architectural-archaeological research and the hypothesis of the development of pre-local Drohobych in the XII-XIII centuries
Abstract
Architectural and archaeological studies of preserved architectural monuments emphasise the continuity of development, succession, and originality of the culture of each nation. The research aims to highlight the results of architectural and archaeological surveys at the foundations of the wooden architectural monument - the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Drohobych, as well as to develop the hypothesis of the city's urban genesis. According to the analysis of literary sources, seven construction periods have been identified since the church was built in 1613. The sounding method showed that the first foundations were standards, which were installed in pits on the cut surface of the continent, often with stone slabs, and covered with soil. The system of double slabs fixed under the altar crown of the log house is considered archaic. During the third and fourth construction periods, some of the stands were replaced, and a stone foundation supported by a wide base of slabs was built under the northwestern corner of the main log cabin. In 1823, the altar log cabin and the southern façade of the building were supported by a ribbon structure of stone foundations. No banded foundations were found under the western base of the chancel and the northern base of the nave. The lower gallery of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is supported by a system of foundations and smaller stands. Within the fourth probe, a deep archaeological site was localised with a ceramic sherd in the fill dating to the princely period. The analysis of several features and stratigraphic features of the fill gives grounds to interpret the object as the remains of a semi-hut of this period. Based on the location of the first immovable object, an attempt is made to clarify one of the hypotheses of the urban development of Drohobych from the unfortified initial settlement of salt workers on the right bank of the Pobuk in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, through its gradual development into a proto-city settlement of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries in the present Zvarytske suburb to the foundation of a new locational centre in the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries on the free adjacent territory
Keywords
Church of the Ascension; foundation probing; stands; semi-subsistence housing; urban reconstruction
Received 20.03.2023, Revised 28.04.2023, Accepted 25.06.2023
Retrieved from Vol. 9, No. 1, 2023
Suggested citation
https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.07
Pages 7-22
References
[1] Bevz, M.V., & Petryk, V.M. (2001). Drohobych on the map of F. von Mieg. Drohobych Regional Studies, 5, 330-336.
[2] Bevz, M.V., Petryshyn, H.P., & Petryk, V.M. (2003). New cartographic materials for studying the planned development of Drohobych at the end of the 18th century. Drohobych Regional Studies, 7, 546-551. Retrieved from https://dspu.edu.ua/biblioteka/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2003_7.pdf.
[3] Harris, E.C., Brown, M., & Brown, G. (1993). Practices of archaeological stratigraphy. London.
[4] Havryliuk, M. (1998). Historical topography of medieval Drohobych. Drohobych Regional Studies, 3, 164-172.
[5] Hupalo, V.D. (2014). Zvenyhorod and Zvenyhorod land in the 11th-13th centuries (socio-historical reconstruction). Lviv: Institute of Ukrainian Studies named after I. Krypyakevich.
[6] Hupalo, V.D. (2020). Tustani pottery: An introduction to the problem of dating. In Fortetsya (Vol. 4; pp. 52-53). Lviv: Prostir-M.
[7] Kajzer, L. (1984). Introduction to archaeological and architectural research. Lodz: University of Lodz.
[8] Kuchera, M. (1975). Archeology of the Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv.
[9] Kuza, A. (1985). Unfortified settlements. In B. Kolchin (Ed.) Ancient Rus. City, castle, village (p. 98). Moscow: Nauka.
[10] Lazurko, O. (2007). Dating of the Paraskeva church in Belga based on archaeological research materials. Materials and Research on the Archeology of Prykarpattia and Volyn, 11, 287-294. Retrieved from https://www.inst-ukr.lviv.ua/files/11/22lazurko.pdf.
[11] Lukomskyi, Yu., Myska, R., & Tymoshenko, L. (2017). Archaeological research of the bell tower of the church of St. Bartholomew in Drohobych, 2015. Drohobych Regional Studies, 19-20, 9-55. Retrieved from https://dspu.edu.ua/biblioteka/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/K_zbirn_istor_19_20_1-548.pdf.
[12] Mohytych, R., & Lukomskyi, Yu. (2021). Conducting archaeological research during the restoration of architectural monuments. In I. Prokopenko (Ed.) Conservation and restoration of objects of cultural heritage (pp. 13-45). Kyiv: Summit-Knyha.
[13] Mściwujewski, M. (1935). From the history of Drogobycz. Drohobych: Księgarnia Ludowa.
[14] Oliynyk, O. (1994). Urban development of the western lands of Ukraine: Between East and West. In V. Tymofiienko (Ed.) Architectural heritage of Ukraine (pp. 58-61). Kyiv: State Committee for Construction, Architecture and Housing. Retrieved from http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/ArkhSpUkr1_1994/ArkhSpUkr1_1994.pdf.
[15] Petryk, A., Petryk, V., & Tymoshenko, L. (2000). Problems and prospects of historical and archaeological research of Drohobych. Drohobych Regional Studies, 4, 47-53.
[16] Petryk, A.M. (2004). Protective archaeological research on the territory of the saltworks in Drohobych. Chronicle of Boykivshchyna, 2(78), 40-69.
[17] Petryk, A.M. (2009). The oldest Drohobych and its surroundings. Archaeological research. In L. Tymoshenko (Ed.) Essays on the history of Drohobych (from the earliest times to the beginning of the 21st century) (pp. 9-21). Drohobych: Kolo.
[18] Petryk, V., Ivanovskyi, V., Lazurko, O., & Rybchynskyi, O. (2004). Archaeological research in Belz in 2003. In Belz and Belz Land (Vol. 1; pp. 33-40). Belz.
[19] Prokop, P. (2017). The first medium-scale topographic map of Galicia (1779-1783) – survey, availability and importance. Geographia Polonica, 90(1), 97-104. doi: 10.7163/GPol.0081.
[20] Rappoport, P.A. (1975). Old Russian dwelling. In Collection of archaeological sources (pp. 50-115). Leningrad.
[21] Ratych, O.О. (1957). Ancient Russian archaeological sites in the territory of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv.
[22] Slobodian, V.M. (2017). Church of Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Drohobych. Historical reference. Lviv: Institute "Ukrzakhidproektrestavratsiya".
[23] Sveshnikov, I.K. (1976). Handbook of archeology of Ukraine: Lviv region (p. 78). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka.
[24] Tymoshenko, L.V. (2004). Problems of the historical topography of ancient Drohobych. In To the sources: A collection of scientific works in honor of Oleh Kupchynsky on the occasion of his 70th birthday (pp. 727-745). Kyiv-Lviv: Scientific Society named after T. Shevchenko.
[25] Voynarovskyi, V.M., Lukomskyi, Yu.V., & Petryk, V.M. (2002). Archaeological sites on Kryloska Hill, covered by the Dormition Cathedral of the 12th century. In Notes of scientific society named after Shevchenko (Vol. 244; pp. 608-644). Lviv: Scientific Society named after Shevchenko.
[26] Vuytsyk, V.S. (1985). Church of the Holy Cross, the beginning of the 16th century and the belfry of the second half of the 17th century. In H. Lohvyn (Ed.) Monuments of urban planning and architecture of the Ukrainian SSR (Vol. 3; 96-98). Kyiv.
[27] Vuytsyk, V.S. (2004). About the dating of the church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Drohobych. Bulletin of the “Ukrzakhidproektrestavratsiya” Institute, 14, 185-189.